With the characteristics of simple structure,rapid construction and good protective effect,mRNA vaccine shows obvious advantages in dealing with pathogen variation and emerging infectious diseases.As a new generation of vaccine development technology,it has attracted wide attention from all parties.However,there is a lack of systematic research and reports on its production process and quality control.This review explains the main manufacturing process and characteristics of mRNA vaccine preparation,summarizes the starting material,the stock solution and the intermediate preparation,and summarizes the detection methods,providing a reference for the development and preparation of mRNA vaccine.