Advances in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of novel dual orexin receptor antagonists on the market
Orexin is a neuropeptide synthesized and secreted by hypothalamus,and the interaction between orexin and its receptors influences the central physiological regulation of sleep activities.Dual orexin receptor antagonists are novel treatment for insomnia of new pharmacological mechanism,which play a role in promoting sleep by blocking the combination of orexin and orexin receptors,with high selectivity and few adverse reactions.At present,three dual orexin receptor antagonists,daridorexant,suvorexant,and lemborexant have been approved for marketing,indicated for the treatment of adult patients with insomnia characterized by difficulties with sleep onset and/or sleep maintenance.This article reviewed the three orexin receptor antagonists from the perspectives of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics,summarized their characteristics in drug disposition(absorption,distribution,metabolism,and excretion),drug-drug interactions,drug function mechanism,clinical efficacy,adverse reactions,and drug abuse,etc.,so as to provide reference and evidence for their application in treatment of insomnia patients.
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