Literature analysis of thromboembolic events caused by immune checkpoint inhibitor
Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics of thromboembolic events(TEEs)caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs).Methods:The databases of PubMed,Embase,Web of Science(up to February 28,2023)were searched and the case reports on thromboembolic events caused by ICIs were collected.The relevant information of patients was collected and analyzed descriptively.Results:A total of 15 relevant literature were included,involving 20 patients,14 males and 6 females,aged 48～83 years,of whom 14 were more than 60 years old.The primary diseases were lung cancer in 11 cases.The 20 patients involved five ICIs,including pembrolizumab 13 cases,nivolumab 3 case,tislelizumab 1 case,PD-L1 inhibitor 1 case and ipilimumab combined with nivolumab 2 cases.Of the 20 patients,venous thromboembolism(VTE)occurred for 7 cases and arterial thromboembolism(ATE)for 15 cases.Seventeen patients had a record of the time from the beginning of ICIs treatment to the occurrence of TEEs,most of which occurred within 3 months of medication(13 cases).After treatment and/or withdrawal of ICIs,11 of 20 patients improved,5 died,while 4 did not report the outcome.Conclusion:At the beginning of immunotherapy,clinicians and pharmacists should be vigilant to the occurrence of TEEs,and relevant examination and routine monitoring should be performed.After the symptomatic treatment for ICI-related TEEs,the decision to restart ICI treatment should be made with caution.
adverse drug reactionimmune checkpoint inhibitorthromboembolism event
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