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从经验惯习到规章制度:组织隐性知识如何显性化?

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制度形成是社会科学研究的经典议题.现有研究聚焦于经验惯习失灵导致的新制度安排,而相对忽略了经验惯习对于制度形成的积极面向.事实上,组织中普遍存在一种现象:通过隐匿于组织的经验惯习,提供行为标准并维持组织运转.这种经验惯习到规章制度的转变,也是制度形成的一种形式.以机关事务综合服务标准化改革为例,基于知识生产理论,构建"组织隐性知识显性化"分析框架,可以解释制度的形成.研究发现,组织通过凝聚学习共识、创造学习机会、扩展学习网络和增强学习激励,推动知识生产从社会化阶段,进入外显化和组合化阶段,实现知识从隐性形态到显性形态的转变,完成经验惯习到规章制度的转变.
From Experience and Habit to Regulation:How to Make Organizational Tacit Knowledge Explicit?
How institutions are formed is a classic topic in public management research.Existing research has focused on new institutional arrangements resulting from the collapse of empirical habitus,ignoring the positive orientation of empirical habitus to institutional formation.The transition from empirical habitus to regulations,a common phenomenon in organizations that provides standards of behavior and maintains organizational functioning through empirical habitus hidden in the organization,is also a form of institution formation and is very important.How are the habits of experience transformed into rules and regulations?The study chooses the reform of standardization of integrated services in S district's organ affairs as a case study,describing the complete process of the transformation of the organ affairs bureau's empirical habitus into a regulation.Based on the theory of knowledge production,the study corresponds tacit knowledge and explicit knowledge to the experience habits and regulations in the study of institutions,and constructs an analytical framework of"the externalization of organizational tacit knowledge"to explain the formation of institutions from the perspective of the theory of knowledge production.It suggests that organizations promote knowledge production from the socialization stage to the explicit and combined stage through the cohesion of learning consensus,the creation of learning opportunities,the expansion of learning networks and the enhancement of learning incentives,so as to realize the transformation of knowledge from tacit form to explicit form,and complete the transformation from experiential norms to formal regulations.

institutionalizationempirical habitusregulationknowledge production standardization of institutional services

钱蕾、何艳玲

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重庆大学公共管理学院,重庆 400030

北京大学政府管理学院,北京 100871

制度形成 经验惯习 规章制度 知识生产 机关事务标准化

国家社会科学基金青年项目国家社会科学基金重大项目

23CGL05819ZDA125

2024

中国行政管理
中国行政管理学会

中国行政管理

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.082
ISSN:1006-0863
年,卷(期):2024.40(5)