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不完全市场:政府购买农村公共服务的市场困境及其摆脱路径

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在服务型政府建设和乡村振兴背景下,政府购买服务是农村公共服务供给的新方向,强调运用市场机制提供公共服务.政府购买农村公共服务存在"市场失灵"困境,本文从市场不完全性角度阐释农村公共服务外包的困境及其破解路径.研究发现,农村公共服务市场存在规模不经济、服务缺失、竞争机制失灵和服务形式化等困境,还诱发了官商合谋、机会主义行为和购买形式化等后果.其根源是农村公共服务具有分散化、无形化、琐碎性、地域性、需求少等属性,使得市场运行效率低,甚至难以形成.基于农村公共服务属性,提升其供给效率需要充分发挥村级组织的作用,一方面收缩市场边界,将可购买性较弱的农村公共服务由村级组织自我供给,形成自我供给模型;另一方面发挥村级组织的市场中介作用,弥补市场缺陷,形成市场、政府和农民共同参与的多元化模型.
Incomplete Market:the Dilemma of Government Purchase Rural Public Services and its Cracking Path
In the context of service-oriented government construction and rural revitalization,government purchase of services is a new direction of rural public service provision,emphasizing the use of market mechanisms to provide public services.There is a"market failure"dilemma in the purchase of rural public services by the government,and the thesis explains the dilemma of rural public service outsourcing and its cracking path from the perspective of market incompleteness.The study finds that the rural public service market is characterized by diseconomies of scale,lack of services,failure of the competition mechanism and formalization of services,and also induces the consequences of government-business collusion,opportunistic behaviors and formalization of purchasing.The root cause is that rural public services have the attributes of decentralization,intangibility,triviality,territoriality,and low demand,which makes the rural public service market inefficient in operation and even difficult to form.Enhancing the efficiency of rural public service supply needs to give full play to the role of village-level organizations,on the one hand,shrinking the market boundaries,and forming a self-supply model by self-supply of rural public services with weak purchasability by village-level organizations,on the other hand,giving full play to the role of market intermediary of village-level organizations to make up for market deficiencies,and forming a diversified model in which the market,the government,and the farmers are jointly involved.Therefore,to promote the construction of grass-roots service-oriented government,it is necessary to give full consideration to the special characteristics of rural public services,pay attention to the role of village-level organizations,and adopt diversified service models for the supply of rural public goods.

rural public servicesgovernment-purchased servicesimperfect marketservice-oriented governmentrural revitalization

王海娟

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中国地质大学(武汉)公共管理学院/自然资源部法治研究重点实验室,武汉 430074

农村公共服务 政府购买服务 不完全市场 服务型政府 乡村振兴

国家社会科学基金重大项目

22&ZD173

2024

中国行政管理
中国行政管理学会

中国行政管理

CSTPCDCSSCICHSSCD北大核心
影响因子:2.082
ISSN:1006-0863
年,卷(期):2024.40(8)
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