Exploratory study on pericardial cavity as a potential pathway for targeted treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Objective By injecting methylene blue or iohexol into the pericardial cavity,we observed the degree of infiltration of the two substances into the myocardium through the epicardium and the retention time inside the peri-cardial cavity.This study aims to explore the application potential of the pericardial cavity as a route for targeted car-diovascular treatment.Methods Eight SD rats were randomly assigned to the methylene blue group and the con-trol group.Animals in both groups were subjected to thoracotomy and 200 μL of methylene blue or physiological sa-line was injected into the pericardial cavity.After 60 minutes,hearts were collected for observation of the extent of methylene blue infiltration.Ten male beagles were randomly divided into the pericardial group and the venous group,each group receiving an injection of a mixture of iohexol and physiological saline through either the pericardial cavity or vein.The mixture was prepared by uniform-ly blending 5 ml of iohexol(350 mg I/ml)and 5 ml of 0.9％physiological saline.X-ray was used to observe the imaging of iohexol in the pericardium and bladder at 1,3,5,10,20,30,60 minutes after injection,and the ratio of the grayscale value at each time point to that before the experiment was recorded.Results The epicardial tissue and blood vessels of rats in the methylene blue group were colored deep blue and the coronal section of the heart showed staining infiltra-tion from the epicardium to the endocardium.In the pericardial group of dogs,the grayscale value of the pericardium compared to the baseline showed a downward trend over time,bladder imaging appeared 10 minutes after the injection of the mixture,and reached a peak at 60 minutes.In the venous group of dogs,bladder imaging positivity emerged 3 minutes after the injection and reached a peak at 20 minutes.A significant difference in the ratio of bladder grayscale values to the baseline emerged between the two groups of dogs 5 minutes after injection.In the pericardial group of dogs,transient ventricular arrhythmia occurred when the pericardium was punctured.Conclusion This study explored the metabolic process of substances in the pericardial cavity and preliminarily verified that the rate of substance excretion in the pericardium is slower than that through the venous route.The pericardium may provide a favorable choice for the treatment of cardiovascular disea-ses.[Chinese Journal of Cardiac Pacing and Electrophysiology,2024,38(3):187-192]
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