摘要
目的:探讨正念对精英运动员心理健康的可能影响机制.方法:对462名中国精英运动员(M年龄=18.16,SD=3.14,Range=12～28,44.8%女性)进行了横断面问卷调查.使用SPSS23进行数据统计分析,通过扩展程序PROCESS的Bootstrap程序进行中介模型的检验.结果:① 正念可以显著负向预测焦虑(β=-0.386,P<0.001)、抑郁(β=-0.342,P<0.001)和睡眠质量不佳(β=-0.324,P<0.001),显著正向预测训练比赛满意感(β=0.432,P<0.001)和心理幸福感(β=0.399,P<0.001).② 正念可通过经验接受、认知解离和去自我中心的并行中介作用显著影响精英运动员的焦虑、睡眠质量不佳和训练比赛满意感;此外,正念可通过经验接受和认知解离的并行中介作用显著影响精英运动员的抑郁和心理幸福感.结论:正念对精英运动员的焦虑、抑郁和睡眠质量不佳有负向预测作用,对训练比赛满意感和心理幸福感有正向预测作用,其不仅发挥直接影响作用,也可通过经验接受、认知解离和去自我中心来间接影响焦虑、睡眠质量不佳和训练比赛满意感,通过经验接受和认知解离间接影响抑郁和心理幸福感.
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of mindfulness training on mental health of elite athletes and its possible mechanism.Methods Totally 462 Chinese elite athletes(Mage=18.16,SD=3.14,Range=12～28,44.8%female)were conducted a cross-sectional questionnaire survey.SPSS23 was employed for data statistical analysis,and the mediation model was tested through the Bootstrap program of the extension program PROCESS.Results Mindfulness significantly and negatively predicted anxiety(β=-0.386,P<0.001),depression(β=-0.342,P<0.001),and poor sleep quality(β=-0.324,P<0.001),but significantly and positively predicted training&competition satisfaction(β=0.432,P<0.001)and psychological well-being(β=0.399,P<0.001).Moreover,mindfulness showed significant effects on anxi-ety,poor sleep quality,and satisfaction to training and competition through experiential acceptance,cognitive defusion,and decentering.However,it performed significant impacts on their depression and psychological well-being only through experiential acceptance and cognitive defusion.Conclusion Mind-fulness directly predicts negative reactions such as anxiety,depression and poor sleep quality,as well as positive ones including training and competition satisfaction and psychological well-being in elite ath-letes.Moreover,it has indirect effects on anxiety,poor sleep and training and competition satisfaction through experiential acceptance,cognitive defusion and decentering,together with on depression and psychological well-being through the former two factors.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金青年项目(31800948)
国家体育总局科技创新项目(23KJCX016)
湖北省社会科学后期资助项目(HB-SKJJ20233462)
湖北省教育厅哲学社会科学研究项目(23Q157)
维普
万方数据