摘要
目的 了解西藏自治区新型冠状病毒(简称新冠病毒)感染患者嗅觉和味觉障碍的发病率、症状特点、发病及预后影响因素.方法 本研究为横断面研究.组织西藏自治区多家医院参与调查,通过线上问卷方式收集 2022 年 12 月 29 日—2023 年 2 月 2 日期间新冠病毒感染患者的资料,包括患者基本信息、既往健康情况、疫苗接种情况、饮食偏嗜情况、核酸或抗原转阴情况、吸烟史、饮酒史、感染后用药史、感染前后及目前的嗅觉和味觉情况、嗅觉味觉障碍的出现和持续时间及改善情况等.采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评估患者自报的嗅觉和味觉情况.结果 获得 523 份有效调查问卷,新冠病毒感染后嗅觉、味觉障碍的总体发病率为 55.07%,女性高于男性(χ2=13.386,P＜0.01).性别、既往嗅觉味觉障碍情况以及饮食偏嗜对新冠病毒感染后嗅觉味觉障碍的发生有影响.新冠病毒感染前嗅觉味觉VAS平均得分分别为 6.99 分和 7.10 分,感染后下降至 4.28 分和 4.73 分,截止调查结束时,可自行恢复至 5.95 分和 6.56 分.新冠病毒感染后出现嗅觉味觉障碍的中位时间为3 d.嗅觉与味觉障碍持续的中位时间均为7 d,1.6%的患者嗅觉味觉障碍持续时间超过 30 d.嗅觉味觉障碍总体的自发改善率为65.28%.既往嗅觉味觉障碍情况、核酸或抗原转阴情况以及是否存在伴随症状对该病的预后有影响.结论 西藏自治区新冠病毒感染后嗅觉味觉障碍发病率为55.07%.女性患者、近 3 个月内出现过嗅觉味觉障碍以及嗜辛辣的患者更容易发病.大部分新冠病毒感染患者的嗅觉味觉障碍能自发改善,但短期内不能恢复至原有水平,而且少部分患者仍长期存在,需要采取积极有效的干预措施.近 3 个月内出现过嗅觉味觉障碍的患者、核酸或抗原已转阴的患者以及没有伴随症状的患者更易恢复嗅觉味觉功能.
Abstract
Objective To determine the incidence,symptomatic characteristics,and factors influencing morbidity and prognosis of post-infectious olfactory and gustatory dysfunction in patients infected with COVID-19 in the Tibet Autonomous Region(TAR).Methods This cross-sectional investigation involved multiple hospitals in TAR,collecting data of patients with COVID-19 through an online questionnaire from December 29,2022 to February 2,2023.The collected information included demographic details,previous health conditions,vaccination history,dietary predilections,nucleic acid or antigen test results,history of smoking,history of drinking,medication use after infection onset,pre-and post-infection olfactory and gustatory conditions as well as their improvement over time.The patients'self-reported sense of smell and taste were assessed using a visual analogue scale(VAS)ranging from 0 to 10.Results A total of 523 valid questionnaires were obtained with a overall incidence rate of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection at 55.07%,higher among females than males(χ2=13.386,P＜0.01).Gender differences along with previous olfactory and gustatory dysfunction and dietary predilections were found to be correlated with the occurrence of these dysfunction following COVID-19 infection.The mean VAS scores for olfactory and gustatory decreased from pre-infection levels of 6.99/7.10 to post-infection levels of 4.28/4.73 respectively,before recovering slightly by the end of the investigation period to levels aroud 5.95/6.56.The median onset time for olfactory and gustatory disorder after COVID-19 infection was 3 days,while the median duration was 7 days for both symptoms.There were 1.6%of patients with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction lasting longer than 30 days.The overall spontaneous improvement rate of olfactory and gustatory impairment was 65.28%.The status of previous olfactory and gustatory dysfunction,negative nucleic acid or antigen test conversion,and the presence of concomitant symptoms all had significant impact on the prognosis of the disease.Conclusions The incidence of olfactory and gustatory dysfunction after COVID-19 infection in TAR was 55.07%.Female patients,prior experiences with olfactory and gustatory dysfunction within the last 3 months,and preference for spicey food were identified as risk factors.Most patients experienced some degree of spontaneous improvement,but not fully returning to original level in short term.As small number of patients continued to suffer from long-term olfactory and gustatory dysfunction,suggesting the need for active interventions.Patients who had experienced olfactory and gustatory dysfunction within the last 3 months,negative conversion of whose nucleic acid or antigen test results,and absence of concomitant symptoms were found to be more likely to recover their olfactory and gustatory function.
基金项目
国家自然科学基金(82160209)
中央引导地方科技发展资金项目(XZ202301YD0024C)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据