Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders(NMOSD)is an antibody-mediated inflammatory disease of the central nervous system predominantly affecting the optic nerve and spinal cord.Although rare,NMOSD is highly disabling and can lead to recurrent episodes resulting in blindness,paralysis or even death.The prognosis of the patients can be improved with timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment.This article will introduce the history,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of NMOSD.
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