摘要
目的 探讨山西省太原市及其周边地区变应性鼻炎(AR)变应原分布情况及相关因素.方法 以 2021 年 1 月—2022 年 12 月在山西医科大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科变态反应科门诊就诊并诊断为AR的 1 903 例患者作为调查对象,其中男性 983 例(51.7%)、女性 920 例(48.3%).采用AllergyScreen敏筛®过敏原检测试剂盒检测变应原.描述不同种类变应原的分布特征,并结合性别、年龄、就诊时间等临床资料分析AR的影响因素.结果 1 903 例患者中,艾蒿(60.0%)、矮豚草(27.0%)、室内尘螨组合(23.4%)的阳性率位列前三位.男、女性AR患者最常见的变应原均为艾蒿、矮豚草,艾蒿、室内尘螨组合、猫毛皮屑、虾/蟹、混合真菌、狗毛皮屑、牛奶、牛肉/羊肉在女性患者的阳性率高于男性,树木组合、悬铃木/白蜡、刺柏/桦在男性患者的阳性率高于女性.＜18 岁年龄组艾蒿、矮豚草、猫毛皮屑、树木组合、葎草、鸡蛋白、牛奶的阳性率高于其余年龄组(P＜0.05).艾蒿、矮豚草、混合真菌、狗毛皮屑、花生/黄豆、蟑螂、牛奶、悬铃木/白蜡、刺柏/桦在不同季节阳性率的差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 太原市及周边地区近 2 年AR的主要变应原为艾蒿、矮豚草及室内尘螨组合,不同变应原在不同性别、年龄、季节的阳性率不同.
Abstract
Objective To explore the distribution of allergens and the related factors in patients with allergic rhinitis(AR)in Taiyuan and its surrounding areas.Methods From January 2021 to December 2022,a total of 1 903 patients diagnosed as AR were investigated in the Allergy Clinic of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery,the First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University,including 983 males(51.7%)and 920 females(48.3%).AllergyScreen test(AS)was used to detect allergens in all patients,and the distribution characteristics of different kinds of allergens in patients with positive allergens were described.The influencing factors of AR were analyzed in combination with clinical data such as gender,age and visiting time.Results Among the 1 903 patients,the positive rate of Artemisia argyi(60.0%),ragweed(27.0%)and indoor dust mite combination(23.4%)ranked the top three.The most common allergens in male and female AR patients were Artemisia argyi and ragweed.The positive rates of Artemisia argyi,indoor dust mite combination,cat dander,shrimp/crab,mixed fungi,dog dander,milk and beef/mutton were higher in female patients than in male patients.The positive rates of tree combinations,Platanus acerifolia/Fraxinus chinensis and Juniper/Birch were higher in males patients than in female patients.The positive rates of Artemisia argyi,short ragweed,cat fur shavings,tree combination,Houttuynia cordata,egg white and milk were higher in the＜18 age group than in other age groups.The positive rates of Artemisia argyi,ragweed,mixed fungi,dog dander,peanut/soybean,cockroach,milk,Platanus acerifolia/Fraxinus chinensis,and Juniper/birch in different seasons were statistically significant.Conclusions In recent 2 years,the main AR allergens in Taiyuan and its surrounding areas were Artemisia argyi,ragweed and indoor dust mites combinations.The positive rates of different allergens varied by gender,age and season.
基金项目
山西省回国留学人员科研资助项目(2022-194)
山西省高等学校大学生创新创业训练计划项目(20220225)
山西医科大学第一医院专项经费科研项目,136专项(Y2022136021)
维普
万方数据