In In order to understand the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep in China,this study collect 94 891 clinical serum samples'data from 22 provinces and regions in China from the epidemiological literature on T.gondii in sheep collected in the past 30 years from 1991 to 2023.The point density and kernel density analysis methods in ArcGIS10.2 software were used to analyze the distribution and aggregation of T.gondii in different regions.Excel 2010 software was used to calculate the average positive rate of T.gondii in sheep from different regions and 7 geographical divisions(hereinafter referred to as positive rate).SPSS software was used to conduct chi-square tests of the positive rate.The statistical analysis of the positive rate of T.gondii in sheep was carried out by ArcGIS10.2 software(the positive rate was divided into 6 grades)to analyze the geographical distribution of T.gondii in different regions.The results of point density and kernel density showed that except for 12 regions have no epidemiological survey data,there were reports of T.gondii infection in sheep in other regions;T.gondii was distributed in point aggregation in Qinghai,Gansu,Henan,Inner Mongolia,Yunnan,Xinjiang and other places,and was densely distributed in Qinghai and Gansu Provinces.Statistical results showed that the average positive rate of T.gondii in sheep in China was 10.37%(8869/94891).The positive rate in different provinces was ranging from 3.09%to 30.49%.The positive rate of T.gondii in sheep was ranging 14.4%to 30.49%in 7 geographical divisions.Among them,the highest positive rate was 30.49%(3059/12245)in Southwest China,mainly including Chongqing,Yunnan and Guizhou,with the positive rates of T.gondii in sheep at 45.06%(310/688),28.63%(1830/6392)and 17.79%(919/5165),respectively.The lowest positive rate in Northwest China was 14.4%(3879/58038),mainly including Shaanxi,Gansu,Xinjiang and Qinghai,with the positive rates of T.gondii in sheep at 29.82%(99/332),17.12%(1353/7905),6.03%(487/8071)and 4.56%(1940/41730),respectively.The hierarchical statistical results showed that there were more epidemiological investigations of T.gondii in sheep in the provinces north of the Qinling-Huaihe River,and the average positive rate was mostly below 20%.Most of the regions belonged to grade 1 and grade 2 areas,but North China with the average positive rate at 20.78%(737/4562)was a grade 3 area.Only half of the provinces south of the Qinling Huaihe River had survey data,mainly concentrated in the southwest region with an average positive rate of 30.49%(3059/12245),which was a level 4 area;the positive rates in East China and Central China were 18.7%(42/2329)and 16.32%(1584/15474),respectively,both of which were grade 2 areas,except for Chongqing that could reach grade 5.The above results indicated that the infection of T.gondii in sheep was endemic in most areas of China,and the epidemiological monitoring and control of T.gondii should be strengthened in Southwest and North China.ArcGIS10.2 software was used to analyaze the relationship between T.gondii infection and climatic,altitude and other conditions.The Moran's I index and General G index were used to analyze the spatial autocorrelation of the distribution area of T.gondii infection in sheep.The cold and hot spots were analyzed by ArcGIS10.2 software.The results showed that the positive rate of T.gondii in sheep below 2000m was relatively high,ranging from 10%-30%,and the positive rate of T.gondii in areas with low altitude,high temperature,high humidity was high,suggesting that the epidemiological monitoring and prevention of toxoplasmosis should be strengthened in the above areas.The spatial autocorrelation analysis of T.gondii infection showed that there was a correlation(Moran's I index>0)and aggregation between the distribution areas of T.gondii in China(General G index>0),and there was a strong correlation between the distribution points(Z>0 in General G index).The analysis of cold and hot spots showed that parts of Hunan and Anhui on both sides of the Qinling-Huaihe River,Guizhou,Henan and most areas of Qinghai and Gansu in Northwest China all were hot spots.Therefore,it is necessary to focus on monitoring and preventing sheep toxoplasmosis in concentrated breeding areas to prevent the aggregation of sheep toxoplasmosis.This study has important guiding significance for the prevention,scientific control and decision-making of toxoplasmosis in sheep.
geographic information system(GIS)animal epidemiologyToxoplasma gondiisheep
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
