Risk of and risk factors for perinatal depression among women in different age groups
Objective To explore the risk of and risk factors for perinatal depression among women at different ages,so as to provide data for the precision prevention and treatment of maternal depression during and after preg-nancy.Methods In May 2022,pregnant and one-year postpartum women in a rural county of Yunnan Province with a large ethnic minority population were recruited for depressive symptoms screening to estimate the risk of perinatal depression.The women were divided into three age groups(0-＜20 years,20-＜35 years,and ≥35 years),and the risk factors of perinatal depression in the different age groups were explored using logistic regres-sion models.Results A total of 1 188 women were screened and evaluated for perinatal depressive symptoms.The detection rate of depressive symptoms was 12.96％,with that for severe depressive symptoms was 4.97％.Women in the 0-＜20 years age group had higher detection rates of depressive symptoms(23.76％)and severe depressive symptoms(9.90％),compared with those in the 20-＜35 years age group(12.67％and 4.70％)and those in the ≥35 years age group(5.56％and 2.78％).Anxiety was a common risk factor for perinatal depres-sion in all the three age groups.The experience of negative events in the past year was a risk factor for perinatal depression in women 0-＜20 years(OR=10.63,95％CI:1.76-64.09)and women ≥35 years(OR=24.73,95％CI:1.22-500.79).For women aged 0-＜20,living in urban areas(OR=9.44,95％CI:1.61-55.41)was associated with higher odds of having perinatal depression;for women aged 20-＜35 years,previous history of anxiety disorder(OR=55.49,95％CI:3.28-937.87),less than 7 h of sleep(OR=2.17,95％CI:1.21-3.90)and dream sleep(OR=2.86,95％CI:1.59-5.11)were associated with higher odds of developing perinatal de-pression.Family support was a protective factor for perinatal depression in women aged 0-＜20(OR=0.36,95％CI:0.17-0.76)and women aged 20-＜35 years(OR=0.64,95％CI:0.52-0.77).Conclusions Women aged 0-＜20 have a higher risk of depression and more severe depression.Negative events have a great impact on the occurrence of depression in women 0-＜20 years or ≥35 years.Family support can help reduce the possibil-ity of depression for women aged under 35.Reducing anxiety and sleep problems may be significant for preven-tion of perinatal depression.
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