摘要
目的 了解我国6～23月龄婴幼儿的营养不良状况,探索婴幼儿喂养与营养不良之间的关联性.方法 2019-2021年,采用多阶段分层随机抽样方法,在我国14个省(自治区、直辖市)抽取6～23月龄婴幼儿,采用问卷调查和健康体检进行现场调查,采用x2检验、logistic回归分析影响婴幼儿营养不良的喂养行为因素.结果 本研究纳入6～23月龄婴幼儿8 158人,生长迟缓率3.80％、低体重率1.53％、消瘦率1.51％.男、女童生长迟缓率(5.23％vs.2.32％)、低体重率(1.95％vs.1.10％)差异有统计学意义(x2=47.18、9.86,P＜0.01);农村婴幼儿生长迟缓率(4.73％),高于城市婴幼儿(3.04％),差异有统计学意义(x2=15.80,P＜0.01);南方婴幼儿生长迟缓率(4.27％)、低体重率(1.96％)高于北方婴幼儿(3.34％、1.11％),差异有统计学意义(x2=4.79、9.69,P=0.03、＜0.01);母亲文化程度为大专及以上者,其婴幼儿生长迟缓率、低体重率、消瘦率低于文化程度为高中及以下者(3.02％vs.4.60％、1.20％vs.1.92％、1.26％vs.1.81％),差异有统计学意义(x2=13.06、7.06、4.09,P＜0.01、0.01、0.04).辅食添加种类(OR=1.44,95％CI:1.09～1.90,P=0.01)、频率不合格(OR=1.78,95％CI:1.37～2.32,P＜0.01)是6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓的危险因素.相比于在6月龄引入辅食,≤5月龄引入是婴幼儿消瘦的危险因素(OR=1.68,95％CI:1.11～2.54,P=0.01).结论 我国部分6～23月龄婴幼儿生长迟缓率仍较高,合理的辅食添加种类和频次、辅食引入时间与婴幼儿生长发育密切相关.
Abstract
Objective To understand the nutritional status of infants and young children aged 6-23 months in China and to explore the association between complementary feeding behavior and infant malnutrition.Methods From 2019 to 2021,a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was used to select infants and young children aged 6-23 months from 14 provinces(autonomous regions,centrally-administered municipalities).A questionnaire survey and on-site health examinations were conducted,and the x2 test and logistic regression analysis were used to analyze the association between complementary feeding behavior and infant malnutrition.Results This study included 8 158 infants and young children aged 6-23 months,among whom the rates of stunting,underweight,and wasting were 3.80％,1.53％,and 1.51％,respectively.There were statistically significant differences in the rates of stunting(5.23％vs.2.32％)and low weight(1.95％vs.1.10％)between boys and girls(x2=47.18,9.86,P＜0.01).The stunting rate among rural infants and young children was higher than that among urban infants and young children,with statistically significant differences(4.73％vs.3.04％,x2=15.80,P＜0.01).The rates of stunting and low weight among infants and young children in the southern region were higher than those in the northern region(4.27％vs.3.34％,1.96％vs.1.11％),with statistically significant differences(x2=4.79,9.69,P=0.03,＜0.01).Infants and young children whose mothers had a college education or above had lower rates of stunting,low weight,and wasting than those whose mothers had a high school education or below,with statistically significant differences(x2=13.06,7.06,4.09,P＜0.01,0.01,0.04).Inadequate type(OR=1.44,95％CI:1.09-1.90,P=0.01)and frequency of complementary feeding(OR=1.78,95％CI:1.37-2.32,P＜0.01)were risk factors for stunting among infants and young children aged 6-23 months,and introduction of complementary feeding at ≤5 months was a risk factor for wasting among infants and young children(OR=1.68,95％CI:1.11-2.54,P=0.01).Conclusions The prevalence of stunting in some infants and young children aged 6-23 months in China is still relatively high,and reasonable type,frequency and timing of complementary feeding are closely related to the growth and development of infants and young children.
基金项目
科技部基础资源调查专项(2017FY101104)
NETL
NSTL
万方数据