Analysis of the interaction between temperature and ozone on the daily emergency visits of residents in Shijiazhuang City
Objective To analyze the effect of the interaction between temperature and ozone(O3)on the daily emergency visits of residents in Shijiazhuang City,to provide a basis for taking preventive measures.Methods Daily emergency department visits,pollutant information,and meteorological data in Shijiazhuang from January 1,2014,to December 31,2020,were collected.Analysis of the separate effects of temperature and O3 on resident daily emergency visits using a distributed lag non-linear model(DLNM)and a generalized additive model(GAM).The interaction effects of the two were qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using the bivariate response surface model and joint effect model.Results The total number of non-accidental first aid visits in Shijiazhuang during 2014-2020 was 293 236,with an average daily temperature of 16.0 ℃ and an average daily O3 concentration of 96.0 μg/m3.The exposure-response relationship curves of temperature and non-accidental total emergency visits,emergency visits for circulatory system diseases,and emergency visits for respiratory system diseases approximately showed a"V"shaped distribution,with the minimum risks of 26.5 ℃,27.5 ℃,and 7.0 ℃,respectively.The effect of each 10 μg/m3 increase in O3 concentration on the total non-accidental emergency and respiratory emergency attendances reached the maximum value at lag05 d,0.21％(95％confidence interval(CI):0.05％-0.38％)and 0.46％(95％CI:0.04％-0.87％),respectively,and the effect on circulatory emergency attendances reached the maximum value at lag02 d,maximum value of 0.31％(95％CI:0.08％-0.55％).The interaction results showed that there was a synergistic interaction between temperature and O3 on total non-accidental emergency attendances and emergency attendances for circulatory system diseases and an antagonistic interaction on emergency attendances for respiratory diseases.Conclusions There may be modifying effects of average daily temperature on acute effects due to O3,showing different interactions in different types of disease emergencies.
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