Objective To investigate the status and changes over time of environmental sanitation of rural areas in Shandong Province,so as to provide government departments with scientific evidence for formulating policies and measures aimed at improving rural environmental sanitation conditions.Methods Villages were selected as the research subjects using simple random sampling method.Annual surveys were conducted in the period from 2017 to 2021 to collect information on rural environmental sanitation,which included residents'drinking water sources and water supply methods,rural toilets and decontamination treatment of feces,household garbage and domestic sewage treatment,environmental sanitation management and vector control,through document review,interviews with rural residents and on-site observation.Results From 2017 to 2021,500 villages were selected form 25 counties of Shandong Province centralized water supply was the predominant method of drinking water supply for all the study subjects,with annual coverage rates being 90.82％,89.61％,92.65％,96.00％,and 95.75％,respectively.Deep wells served as the primary sources of drinking water,and consumption of boiled water was the prevailing custom.The prevalence of latrines was consistently increasing over the years,with a statistically significant annual trend(x2=13 204.150,P＜0.01),predominantly being three-stall latrines.Household toilets were the major form of toilet facilities in rural households,with their proportions increasing annually.The management of feces was primarily handled by special personnel.As for rural household garbage,it was predominantly collected through unified manner,accounting for 86.00％,84.20％,70.40％,64.60％and 81.20％,respectively,with statistically significant differences across the years(x2=98.931,P＜0.01).The domestic sewage was primarily discharged to open ground or into unlit ditches.Over the study period,the implementation of environmental health management measures in each study subject had steadily improved,including statistically significantly increasing proportion of control measures for four major vectors(P＜0.01).Conclusions Environmental sanitation in rural areas in Shandong Province has been improving,but there are still some deficiencies that need to be addressed.Specifically,we must enhance the management of domestic sewage discharg and,upgrade the supporting infrastructure of drainage system to improve rural sanitation.
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