Research progress on the regulation mechanism of short-chain fatty acids on obesity
Excessive food intake,especially a high-fat,high-sugar diet,and insufficient exercise are considered major risk factors for obesity.Obesity is closely associated with diseases such as dyslipidemia,insulin resistance,metabolic inflammation,atherosclerosis,and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Therefore,it is of great theoretical and practical significance to explore new strategies to prevent and improve obesity.Epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that short-chain fatty acids(SCFAs)produced by gut microbiota metabolizing dietary fiber can reduce the risk of chronic metabolic diseases such as obesity.As important regulators of energy metabolism,SCFAs play an important role in intestinal nutrition,energy balance,gut microbiota homeostasis,and physiological function.SCFAs can affect appetite and energy intake through the following mechanisms:SCFAs can prevent and reverse high-fat diet-induced abnormal hepatic lipid metabolism by activating the expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma(PPARγ);SCFAs can regulate appetite by intervening in the nutrient-sensing and signal transduction of the gut-brain axis to control energy balance;SCFAs can provide energy for the gut microbiota and are recognized as signaling molecules by G protein-coupled receptors(GPCRs)on the cell surface,activating downstream signaling pathways to regulate lipid metabolism;SCFAs can mediate the regulation of dietary and exercise on gut hormone secretion,lipid and energy metabolism.As nutritional targets,SCFAs have the potential to prevent and improve obesity.A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the role of SCFAs in metabolism will provide a beneficial reference for maintaining the body's energy homeostasis and improving obesity and related chronic metabolic diseases.
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