目的 了解2022年内蒙古自治区(内蒙古)农村饮用水中7种金属与类金属元素浓度特征,并评估其健康风险.方法 收集2022年内蒙古地区5 065份水样中7种金属与类金属元素的检测结果,运用重金属污染指数(heavy metal water pollution evaluation index,HPI)和美国环保署推荐的"四步法"健康风险模型评估水中各元素污染水平及经饮水和皮肤途径暴露的健康风险.不同水期、水样类型样本比较用Mann-Whitney U检验.结果 采集2022年内蒙古农村饮用水5 065份水样,砷(As)、锰(Mn)和铁(Fe)3种元素检出率较高,分别为28.00％、16.07％和15.91％;Fe超标率最高,为5.86％.不同水样类型中仅镉(Cd)浓度差异有统计学意义(Z=-3.299,P=0.001),不同水期下铬(六价)(Cr6+)、Fe、Mn、As浓度差异有统计学意义(Z=-4.649、-3.985、-4.771、-2.026,P＜0.001).6种金属元素的HPI值为14.775,处于低污染水平,各金属与类金属元素的非致癌风险均＜1,Cr6+和As在高暴露水平下经口摄入的致癌风险＞10-4,存在致癌风险.结论 内蒙古农村生活饮用水总体处于较低风险水平,但Cr6+、As和其他金属元素联合作用存在一定致癌风险,应采取针对性措施,同时应注意重金属及类金属污染的隐蔽性及Fe浓度过高对水质的影响.
Concentrations and health risk assessment of metallic and metalloid elements in rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region
Objective To examine the concentration characteristics of seven metallic and metalloid elements in rural drinking water in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in 2022 and to assess their health risks.Methods The detection results of 7 metallic and metalloid elements in 5 065 water samples collected in Inner Mongolia in 2022 were analyzed.The heavy metal water pollution evaluation index(HPI)and the four-step health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency(USEPA)were adopted to evaluate the pollution levels and health risks through drinking and dermal exposure.Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the differences between different water periods and sample types.Results In 2022,the detection rates of As,Mn,and Fe metals were remarkably high in the 5 065 rural drink-ing water samples collected in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,occupying 28.00％,16.07％,and 15.91％,respectively.Fe notably had the highest exceedance rate at 5.86％.A significant difference in Cd concentrations was found across different water sample types(Z=-3.299,P=0.001).Statistically,signifi-cant differences emerged in the concentrations of Cr6+,Fe,Mn,and As across different water periods(Z=-4.649,-3.985,-4.771,-2.026,P＜0.001).The HPI value of the six metallic elements was 14.775,suggesting a low pollution level.While all metal and metalloid elements presented non-carcinogenic risks less than 1,Cr6+and As demonstrated carcinogenic risks over 10-4 via oral intake at high exposure levels,signify-ing potential carcinogenic risks.Conclusions The rural drinking water in Inner Mongolia has a relatively low-risk level.However,there is some carcinogenic risk from the combined effects of Cr6+,As,and other metallic elements.Hence,targeted measures should be implemented,and attention should also be paid to the conceal-ment of heavy metal and metalloid pollution and the consequence of excessive Fe concentrations on water quality.
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