摘要
目的 评价耳郭矫形器用于无创治疗小儿先天性耳郭形态畸形的疗效,探讨初始治疗时间及耳郭形态畸形种类对治疗效果的影响.方法 搜集2021年8月—2022年9月确诊为先天性耳郭形态畸形的患儿29例(共53只耳)进行回顾性分析.根据患儿初始治疗年龄分为A组(年龄≤7 d)、B组(年龄＞7 d且≤30 d)、C组(年龄＞30 d且≤80 d).3组均采用"尔立美"耳郭矫形器治疗,比较3组患儿耳郭形态畸形类型、总治疗时间、矫正显效率、并发症及初始治疗年龄与总治疗时间的相关性.组间非正态分布的计量资料以M(Q1,Q3)表示,采用多个独立样本Kruskal-Wallis H检验,两两比较采用Mann-Whitney U检验;计数资料比较采用χ2检验或Fisher确切概率法.结果 A组19例(33只耳)、B组6例(12只耳)、C组4例(8只耳).53只耳按照耳郭形态畸形类型分为:垂耳15只、耳轮畸形15只、环缩耳10只、猿耳5只、耳甲腔异常凸起2只、复合耳畸形2只、杯状耳2只、招风耳2只;矫正显效率为 98.11%(52/53).3 组患儿的总治疗时间差异显著,具有统计学意义(H=6.901、P=0.032);初始治疗年龄与总治疗时间呈正相关(r=0.342、P=0.012).不同类型耳郭形态畸形的总治疗时间比较,差异有统计学意义(H=25.590、P＜0.001).并发症主要为皮损及湿疹,总发生率为28.30%(15/53),3组及不同类型耳郭畸形的并发症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 耳郭矫形器应用于小儿先天性耳郭形态畸形疗效显著,患儿初始治疗年龄、耳郭形态畸形类型可能影响患儿的矫正治疗时间.初始治疗年龄越早,疗程越短;在各类耳郭形态畸形中,垂耳平均治疗时间最短,招风耳平均治疗时间最长.
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the efficacy of auricular orthopedic device in the non-invasive treatment of congenital auricular malformations in children and explore the impact of initial treatment time and types of auricular malformations on treatment outcomes.Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on 29 children(53 ears)diagnosed with congenital auricular malformations from August 2021 to September 2022.The children were divided into Group A(age≤7 days),Group B(7 days＜age≤30 days),and Group C(30 days＜age≤80 days)based on the initial treatment age.All three groups were treated with the"Earlimn"auricular orthopedic device.The classification of auricular malformations,total treatment time,correction effectiveness,complications,and the correlation between initial treatment age and total treatment time were compared.Non-normally distributed measurement data between groups were expressed as M(Q1,Q3)and analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis H test with Mann-Whitney U tests for pairwise comparisons.Comparison of count data was performed using the χ2 test or Fisher's exact probability method.Results Group A included 19 cases(33 ears),Group B included 6 cases(12 ears),and Group C included 4 cases(8 ears).The 53 ears were classified into different types of auricular malformations:protruding ears(15),auricular helix deformities(15),constricted ears(10),protruding ears like those of apes(5),abnormal protrusion of the concha cavity(2),complex ear deformities(2),cup-shaped ears(2),and wind-blown ears(2).The correction effectiveness was 98.11%(52/53).There was a significant difference in the total treatment time among the three groups,with statistical significance(H=6.901,P=0.032).Initial treatment age was positively correlated with total treatment time(r=0.342,P=0.012).The total treatment time varied significantly among different types of auricular malformations(H=25.590,P＜0.001).Complications,mainly skin lesions and eczema,had a total incidence of 28.30%(15/53).There was no significant difference in the incidence of complications among the three groups and different types of auricular malformations(all P＞0.05).Conclusions The auricular orthopedic device is effective in the treatment of congenital auricular malformations in children.The child's initial treatment age and the type of auricular malformation may affect the duration of corrective treatment.The earlier the initial treatment age,the shorter the course of treatment.Among various types of auricular malformations,protruding ears had the shortest average treatment time,while wind-blown ears had the longest average treatment time.
维普
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