Ambulatory surgery is essential for filling the gap between high healthcare needs and limited medical resources.Rational use of the two-way referral system can further optimize the management mode of ambulatory surgery,raise the utilization efficiency of medical resources,and achieve universal health coverage.Based on literature review and expert consultations,we identified the core stakeholders involved in the two-way referral for ambulatory surgery and analyzed the roles,responsibilities,benefits,and gain and loss of these core stakeholders.Accordingly,tailored strategies for promoting the smooth implementation of two-way referral for ambulatory surgery were proposed.