中国有世界上最广大的喀斯特区域,最多样化的喀斯特景观和为数极多的漏斗与洞穴.中国南部在湿热气候条件下发育的峰丛和峰林喀斯特,在全球锥状和塔状(cone and tower)喀斯特类型中,是最具代表性的典型形态.而峰丛喀斯特区则是天坑(tiankeng)的重要分布区域.近十几年来,已有近50个天坑在中国南方的峰丛喀斯特区被发现.主要分布在重庆、广西、四川和贵州境内.目前的研究表明,天坑主要发育在特定的地貌、地质和水文地质环境下,并因此区别于常态的喀斯特漏斗.
TIANKENGS IN THE KARST OF CHINA
China has the most extensive and diversified karst terrains in the world and most of them are rich in caves and dolines.The cone karst (fengcong) and tower karst (fenglin) developed in the humid climate in southern China form the most distinctive karst landscapes.Tiankengs are giant dolines that are a feature in some areas of the cone karst.In recent years,more than fifty tiankengs have been discovered in the cone karst in southern China, notably in the provinces of Chongqing, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou. Current research indicates that tiankengs develop in specific environments of geomorphology,geology and hydrogeology,and are therefore distinguished from normal karst dolines.
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