摘要
石漠化危害着生态环境健康和社会经济发展,经过20多年的综合治理,中国西南地区石漠化面积呈减少的趋势,国家也将西南八省、区、直辖市设定为石漠化监测区域;而在陕西秦巴地区岩溶地质遗迹的研究中已发现石漠化发育的迹象,这对秦巴地区的生态安全造成威胁.文章总结西南地区岩溶石漠化的内涵、现状、危害、成因和治理经验,为开展非监测区——陕西秦巴地区岩溶石漠化的调查工作提供理论依据.通过遥感解译、无人机遥感调查和碳酸盐岩溶蚀速率分析,首次查明了陕西秦巴地区石漠化的发育情况,填补了该区域石漠化研究的空白.
Abstract
Southwest China is one of the three largest continuous karst clusters in the world;therefore,studies on karst rocky desertification in this area are very important.For more than 20 years'control,the decreasing area and risk of karst rocky desertification has contributed to the continuous ecological improvement.Nowadays,studies on rocky desertification mainly focus on the eight provinces in Southwest China,which have been designated as rocky desertification monitoring areas by the Chinese government.After the first phase of the comprehensive control project for karst rocky desertification in 2016,the expansion trend of rocky desertification in the southwest region was effectively curbed.Subsequent articles published tend to focus on analyzing the current situation,comprehensive management,or species adaptability of rocky desertification monitoring areas.However,the Qinba region in Shaanxi Province is located outside the monitoring area.In the process of studying the karst geological relics of the Zhenba Sanyuan Tiankeng Group,signs of rocky desertification have been found,but there still exists a research gap in the investigation and research on karst rocky desertification in this area which is one of the areas with the richest biodiversity in China,known as"ecological lung","central water tower"and"biological gene bank".Unfortunately,this area is burdened with poverty,so the investigation and study of karst rocky desertification in the Qinba region of Shaanxi Province is of great significance to ensure green and high-quality development and ecological civilization construction.In this paper,by analyzing the current situation of karst rocky desertification in Southwest China,we summarized its harm to the ecological environment and social economy,clarify natural and human factors resulting in rocky desertification,and integrate the typical treatment experience in Southwest China.We also introduce three technical methods,including remote sensing interpretation,UAV remote sensing survey and analysis of carbonate dissolution rate,to provide a scientific basis for studies on karst rocky desertification in the Qinba region of Shaanxi Province.Study results show that the area of karst rocky desertification in the Qinba region covers 63.37 km2,and the areas of severe,moderate and mild rocky desertification cover 17.97 km2,21.60 km2 and 23.80 km2,respectively.Based on the survey results,there are both regional differences and some similarities in distribution patterns in the areas of rocky desertification development.Specifically,the degree of rocky desertification in the limestone area is more severe than that in the dolomite area.It is also more severe in the area with developed water system than that in the arid and semi-arid area,and the more active the new structure is,the more severe the rocky desertification is.Compared to the Southwest China,the degree of karst rocky desertification in the Qinba region of Shaanxi Province is relatively light,with a smaller distribution area,mainly due to the less rainfall in the study area.The karst rocky desertification in Beiyang mountain of Zhen'an county is the most severe,with an area of 7.28 km2.In the 1960s,a large-scale free-range of livestock severely damaged vegetation.The indiscriminate deforestation by humans further exacerbated the process of rocky desertification.The rocky desertification in Hailuogong village of Shanyang county is also severe,covering an area of 5.83 km2,because the landform in this area is a typical peak-cluster depression,which is likely developed into rocky desertification.The contradiction between people and land needs to be solved urgently.In conclusion,more monitoring and research efforts are needed in Beiyang mountain and Hailuogong where the rocky desertification is severe.Firstly,we should clarify the causes of rocky desertification in the Qinba region and compare them with the causes in Southwest China to determine whether the rocky desertification is mainly resulted from natural factors or human factors.Secondly,we should know how to clarify the causes of karst rocky desertification in the Qinba region;for example,we can dynamically monitor the change of rock desertification by field verification,remote sensing interpretation,climate change analysis,etc.We can also calculate the contribution rate of each influence factor by geographical detector model.Thirdly,we should further study influence factors of karst dissolution rate.We can monitor physical and chemical properties of soil(soil moisture,carbon dioxide concentration,pH,organic matter content and porosity)in areas with moderate to severe rocky desertification,and analyze the relationship between dissolution rate and physical and chemical properties of soil in rocky desertification areas.Finally,in order to provide basic data for carbon neutrality research in Shaanxi,we should conduct studies on the carbon sink of rocky desertification areas in the Qinba region,with the methods such as dissolution test pieces and hydrochemical runoff.
基金项目
陕西省公益性地质调查项目(202008)
陕西省公益性地质调查项目(202310)
黄土与第四纪地质国家重点实验室开放基金课题(SKLLQG2209)
陕西省自然科学基础研究计划-青年项目(2023-JC-QN-0298)
陕西省科协青年人才托举计划项目(20230538)
2022年省级生态环保及应急管理专项项目(202312)
陕西省重点研发计划一般项目-社会发展领域(2024SF-YBXM-561)
维普
万方数据