目的 基于小儿多动症(ADHD)存在的危险因素提出优生策略,旨在为ADHD的预防、早期干预及家庭护理提供科学依据与实践指导.方法 通过系统检索中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、EMBASE和Cochrane Library等数据库,查找与ADHD危险因素相关的近10年文献,再通过主题分析法将提取的文献信息进行相关分类.结果 共纳入36篇高质量文献,涵盖11个国家和12070544名研究对象.整理分析了 9个ADHD相关危险因素,分别是围生期因素、母体因素、心理因素、遗传因素、营养因素、家庭因素、环境因素、宫内因素和自身因素.结论 鉴于ADHD危险因素的多样性,本研究深入探讨了优生策略,强调从母亲孕期健康管理和ADHD患儿的具体情况出发,采取综合措施以降低ADHD的发病风险,并为ADHD的早期识别、有效干预及未来研究提供坚实的理论基础和实践指导.
Discussion on eugenic strategies based on multidimensional risk factors of ADHD
Objective To propose eugenic strategies targeting the risk factors associated with Attention Deficit Hy-peractivity Disorder(ADHD)in children,with the aim of providing a scientific basis and practical guidance for its prevention,early intervention,and family care.Methods A systematic review was conducted in the last 10 years,retrieved from databases including CNKI,Wanfang Database,CBM,PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library.Thematic analysis was applied to systematically categorize and analyze the extracted information related to ADHD risk factors.Results A total of 36 high-quality studies,encompassing 12070544 participants from 11 countries,were analyzed.Nine major risk factors associated with ADHD were comprehensively identified:perinatal,maternal,psychological,genetic,nutritional,familial,environmental,intrauterine,and individual factors.Conclusion In consideration of the diversity nature of ADHD risk factors,this study explored eugenic strategies in depth,emphasizing that comprehensive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of ADHD from the perspective of maternal health management during pregnancy and the specific situation of children with ADHD.It also provides a solid theoretical basis and practical guidance for early identification,effective in-tervention and future research of ADHD.
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