Objective:In order to compare the endophytic fungal community structure between the healthy and the diseased leaves of P.fortuneana under natural conditions.Methods:ITS1 region of rD-NA-ITS genes of endophytic fungi were sequenced and analyzed using high-throughput sequencing technology.Results:The 5 phyla,16 classes,3 orders,61 families,83 genera,100 species were ob-tained from the two groups,and 103 OTUs unique to in healthy samples(HJF),19 OTUs unique in P.fortuneana leaves infected with powdery mildew(HJB),and 23 OTUs in two samples,the abundance and diversity of endophytic fungi species in HJF were higher than those in HJB.Species classification showed that Ascomycota was dominant in both of them at the phylum level.At the family level,89.22%Erysiphaceae were dominant in HJB.28.25%Erysiphacea,12.30%Trichosporonaceae and 12.31%Phaeosphaeriaceae were dominant in HJF.At the genus level,88.04%Phyllactinia were domi-nant in HJB.27.45%Phyllactinia,12.03%Apiotrichum and 11.58%unclassified_f_Phaeosphaeriace-aee were dominant in HJF.Conclusion:There were significant differences in the community structure and diversity of endophytic fungi between the healthy group and the infected group,as well as signifi-cant differences in the dominant and subdominant endophytic fungi relative abundance.