摘要
木贼始载于《嘉佑本草》,此后历代本草均有收载.宋代至今,木贼有"节节草"、"笔筒草"、"笔头草"等多种别名;其基原以木贼科植物木贼(Equisetum hyemale L.)为主,但仍存在同名异物和同物异名现象.历代产地多见于今陕西省、甘肃省境内,现广泛分布于全国大部分地区.宋代木贼的采收以农历"四月"为主,现多于夏秋季采挖.木贼的炮制包括"炒黑"、"去节"等,现多以"切制"为主.木贼味甘微苦、性平微温,无毒,主归肝、肺及胆经,具有发汗解肌、明目退翳、固崩止血、消积等功效,为"肝之专药"、"去翳明目要剂",可用于目生翳障、迎风流泪、肠风下血、脱肛、喉痹、疟疾、崩漏等症.本文的考证结果不仅为木贼的资源开发利用和安全用药提供了理论依据,同时也为其深入研究奠定基础.
Abstract
Equisetum hyemale was first published in JiayouBencao,and had been collected in past dy-nasties.Since the Song Dynasty,E.hyemale had various alias such as Drilgrass,Penholder Grass,Penhead Grass and so on.Its original source was mainly considered to be E.hyemale of Equisetaceae,but there were still homonymous foreign objects and synonymous synonyms.The producing areas of previous dynasties were mostly found in today's Shaanxi Province and Gansu Province,and were now widely distributed in most parts of the country.The harvest season of E.hyemale in Song Dynasty was mainly in Lunar April,which was now more than that in summer and autumn.The processing of E.hye-male included frying black and removing node,and now it was mainly cutting.E.hyemale was sweet and slightly bitter in taste,mild in nature and non-toxic.It mainly belonged to the liver,lung and gall-bladder.It had the effects of sweating and relieving muscle,brightening the eyes and removing pan-nus,consolidating collapse,hemostasis and eliminating accumulation.It was a special drug for the liv-er and an important agent for removing pannus and brightening the eyes.It could be used for pannus,tears in the wind,blood under the intestinal wind,anal prolapse,throat arthralgia,malaria,metrorrha-gia and other diseases.The research results of this paper not only provided a theoretical basis for the de-velopment and utilization of E.hyemale resources and safe drug use,but also laid a foundation for its in-depth research.
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