Objective To explore the correlation between serum levels of interleukin-9(IL-9),platelet activating factor(PAF),total immunoglobulin E(IgE),interferon γ(IFN-γ),and interleukin-4(IL-4)in patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria(CSU).Methods Sixty CSU active phase patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Hebei North University from March 2018 to March 2019 were selected and included in the CSU active phase group.Based on the 7-day Urticaria Activity Score(UAS7),they were divided into three groups:15 mild group,25 moderate group,and 20 severe group;And 19 patients who entered the quiescent phase of the disease after 28 days of standardized antihistamine treatment were included in the CSU quiescent phase group.Another 30 healthy subjects who participated in the physical examination at the same time at our hospital's physical examination center were selected to be included in the healthy control group.5 ml of fasting elbow vein blood was collected from CSU active and stationary patients,as well as healthy subjects.The serum levels of IL-9,PAF,total IgE,IFN-γ,and IL-4 were detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Pearson correlation test was used to analyze the correlation between serum IL-9,PAF levels and total IgE,IFN-γ,and IL-4 levels in CSU active patients.Results The serum levels of IL-9,PAF,total IgE,and IL-4 in the CSU active phase group were higher than those in the CSU stationary phase group and healthy control group(all P＜0.05),and the serum IFN-γ levels were lower than those in the CSU stationary phase group and healthy control group(all P＜0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the levels of the above indicators between the healthy control group and the CSU stationary group(all P＞0.05).The serum levels of IL-9,PAF,total IgE,and IL-4 in the severe group were significantly higher than those in the mild and moderate groups(all P＜0.05),and the serum IFN-γ levels were significantly lower than those in the mild and moderate groups(all P＜0.05);The serum levels of IL-9,PAF,total IgE,and IL-4 in the moderate group were significantly higher than those in the mild group(all P＜0.05),and the serum IFN-γ levels were significantly lower than those in the mild group(P＜0.05).Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum IL-9 and PAF levels were positively correlated with serum total IgE and IL-4 levels in CSU active phase patients(IL-9:r=0.726,0.870,PAF:r=0.788,0.795,all P＜0.01),and negatively correlated with serum IFN-γ levels(IL-9:r=-0.831,PAF:r=-0.816,all P＜0.01).Conclusions The serum levels of IL-9 and PAF in patients with active CSU are elevated and correlated with total IgE,IFN-γ,and IL-4 levels,suggesting that IL-9 and PAF may be related to the occurrence and development of CSU.
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