"知道"的来源和成词途径
The origin and formation of zhidao(知道)
丁喜霞 1张凯潞2
作者信息
- 1. 开封 河南大学文学院/河南大学语言科学与语言规划研究所
- 2. 北京 北京语言大学北京文献语言与文化传承研究基地
- 折叠
摘要
动词"知道"产生于唐代后期,是在"道"由"言说"义引申出"知晓"义后,通过并列构词法将同表"知晓"义的"知"和"道"复合而成的."知道"的成词是同义并列构词法的结果,而非源于动宾短语的词汇化."知道"的成词途径是"知动+道动(言说→知晓)一知道动",成词动因有汉语词汇双音化趋势和并列构词法发展的促动作用,根本原因是语用和韵律的需求.讨论"知道"是源于词汇化还是来自构词法,有助于厘清汉语双音词来源问题的一些模糊认识、完善词汇化理论、促进汉语词汇史研究和历史语言学理论的建构.
Abstract
First occurred during the late Tang dynasty,the verb zhidao(知道)consists of daoo"to know"which originally means"to speak"and zhi"to know".The formation of zhidao underwent the path of"zhiverb+dao('to speak'→to know')verb→zhidaoverb"It shows a combination of paralleled synonyms which is not resulted from the lexicalization of VO phrases.The motivations behind such a word formation include diachronic disyllablization and the coordination of synonyms into single words.The fundamental motivation,however,lies in the needs of pragmatics and prosody.Discussions on the origin and formation of zhidao enables us to clarify some vague issues on the origin of Chinese disyllabic words and the theory of lexicalization.
关键词
知道/来源/成词途径/常用词/汉语词汇史Key words
zhidao(知道)/origin/path of word formation/common words/lexical history of Chinese language引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(21&ZD286)
国家社会科学基金(21BYY029)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据