关于汉语中的"自然焦点"和"尾焦点"
The"natural focus"and"focus-end"in Mandarin Chinese
黄瓒辉1
作者信息
摘要
本文讨论汉语中的"自然焦点"和"尾焦点".自然焦点是研究汉语焦点现象的论著中经常提及的一种焦点.本文首先指出"自然焦点"的判断语境"非对比性语境"的非单一性,并指出"自然"二字容易让人误解为是孤立语境下句子语义上的重点而非信息结构上的重点,提议用特征[±新]代替[±突显]来定义焦点.接着讨论了方式/描述性状中句中可能的信息焦点的位置,通过语义蕴涵/隐含分析状语和中心语之间不同的语义依附关系,指出语义上具有依附性的成分难以单独成为句子的已知信息;对于状中句,不能笼统地说其中可能的信息焦点位于哪个位置.本文最后指出汉语"尾焦点"特征作为一种倾向性特征是存在的,但是尾焦点存在一个"宽度"的问题.不能把尾焦点理解为仅指句子末端的成分.
Abstract
This paper discusses the"natural focus"and"focus-end"in Mandarin Chinese and suggests that the non-contrastive contexts of"natural focus"are not solely defined in the sense of semantics but also of pragmatics.The feature of[±new]is proposed to replace[±prominent]in the definition.Besides,the paper suggests that semantically dependent constituents are not qualified as a given information by itself.It is hard to determine the location of informational focus in adverbial clauses.In addition,Chinese sentences tend to demonstrate a feature of"focus-end"which is not confined to the right end position of a sentence.
关键词
自然焦点/尾焦点/状中句/语义依附/焦点宽度Key words
"natural focus"/"focus-end"/adverbial clause semantic dependency/focus width引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家社会科学基金重大项目(22&ZD295)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据