情态助动词"好"的方言分布
The distribution of modal auxiliary hao(好)in Chinese dialects
王晓华1
作者信息
摘要
为勘明汉语情态助动词"好MOD"的跨方言分布和语义类型,文章调查了 91个方言点,其中45个方言点存在"好MOD",分布在吴语、江淮官话、徽语、客家话、闽语、粤语、平话、西南官话和胶辽官话区."好MOD"可以表达道义、能力、认识、意愿和估价情态.吴语等南方方言中"好MOD"以道义情态为核心情态类型,北方胶辽官话中"好MOD"以认识情态为核心情态类型.共时语义距离显示方言"好MOD"具有南北方差异.通过分析跨方言共时语义空间,文章观察到六项语义蕴含共性,并基于语义类型特征梳理了"好MOD"的情态类型系统.
Abstract
To clarify the distribution and semantic types of modal auxiliary hao(好)in Chinese dialects,this paper investigates 91 Chinese dialects and finds that 45 of them(including the Wu dialects,Jianghuai Mandarin dialect,Hui dialects,Hakka dialects,Min dialects,Cantonese,Pinghua dialects,Southwest Mandarin dialect and Jiaoliao Mandarin dialect)have an auxiliary haoMOD which indicates deontic,abilitive,epistemic,bouletic and axiological modalities.In certain southern dialects such as the Wu dialects,haoMOD is mainly used for deontic modality.In comparison,its primary function is to express epistemic modality in some northern dialects such as the Jiaoliao Mandarin dialects.This variation between the north and the south is also supported by analyses on synchronic semantic distances.In addition,the paper identifies 6 types of implicative relations between the meanings of haoMOD in Chinese dialects.The modal system of haoMOD is also offered based on its various semantic characteristics.
关键词
"好"/情态/汉语方言/语义类型/分布/共时Key words
hao(好)/modality/Chinese dialect/semantic type/distribution/diachronic引用本文复制引用
基金项目
教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金(17YJC740089)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据