摘要
目的:探寻未成年人吸食含依多咪酯电子烟的原因、特点,为防止未成年人误入歧途,滥用其他成瘾物质提供参考依据.方法:选取2023年1月1日—12月31日我院收治的176例滥用依多咪酯电子烟的未成年人住院患者,对其人口学资料、家庭情况、滥用情况、诊断及治疗效果进行分析,并分析不同性别间临床特点差异.结果:本组共176例,占同期单用依多咪酯电子烟15.91%(176/1106),其中女性(102例)多于男性(74例);存在家庭稳定性差,管教方面存在溺爱、过严、放任不管问题和留守儿童多情况;患者初次滥用时年龄最小13岁,以16岁,17岁年龄段为主;滥用原因多为对依多咪酯危害性认识不足和引诱;首次滥用场地在朋友居所和娱乐场所多见;全部都是放在电子烟烟弹内吸食;多为多人一同吸食;吸食量最多的一次6个烟弹,一般的1个烟弹;收治情况(以季度计),以第2和第3季度为主,10月1日管控后住院患者迅速缓和;患者伴随躯体疾病多,有些是不良行为导致,有些可能与滥用依多咪酯有关;女性父母离婚、放任不管、梅毒、贫血、血钾低、13岁开始滥用依多咪酯占比多于男性,男性溺爱占比高于女性.一般认为文身主要是男性,但本资料显示女性也比较高;诊断:有害使用 131例,依赖综合征47例,其中符合精神病性障碍23例.治疗效果:临床治愈163例,好转13例.结论:依多咪酯滥用呈现低龄化,占比高;存在家庭不稳定性、教育方法不当、留守儿童多的问题;学习成绩差,辍学率高(以初中为主);其不良行为多、对依多咪酯危害性认识不足,被引诱为主;成瘾性强,危害大.提示:改善家庭环境、正确教育方法、减少辍学应可减少其过早进入社会误入歧途;借鉴本组临床行为特点可早发现、早治疗.
Abstract
Objective:To explore the reasons and characteristics of minors smoking electronic cigarettes containing edomidate,and to provide reference for preventing minors from going astray and abusing other addictive substances.Methods:a total of 176 minors hospitalized in our hospital from January 1,2023 to December 31,2023 were selected,and their demographic data,family situation,abuse situation,diagnosis and treatment effect were analyzed,and the differences of clinical characteristics between different genders were analyzed.Results:There were 176 cases in this group,accounting for 15.91%(176/1106),female(102 cases)were more than male(74 cases);there were poor family stability,problems of spoiling,too strict,laissez-faire and many left-behind children in discipline;the youngest patient was 13 years old when he first abused,mainly in the age group of 16 and 17 years old;Most of the reasons for the abuse were lack of awareness of the harmfulness of edocomidate and seduction;the first abuse of edocomidate was mostly found in friends'residences and entertainment places;all of them were smoked in electronic cigarette cartridges;most of them were smoked by many people together;the largest amount of smoking was 6 cartridges at a time,and the general amount of smoking was 1 cartridge;the treatment situation(by quarter),mainly in the second and third quarters,and the hospitalization was rapidly alleviated after the control on October 1;the patients were accompanied by many physical diseases,some of which were caused by bad behavior,and some of which may be related to the abuse of edocomidate;Female parents divorce,laissez-faire,syphilis,anemia,low blood potassium,13 years old began to abuse edoxomide point ratio more than men,the proportion of male spoiling is higher than women.It was generally believed that tattoos were mainly in men,but this data shows that women were also higher;diagnosis:131 cases of harmful use,47 cases of dependence syndrome,of which 23 cases wereconsistent with psychotic disorders.Therapeutic effect:163 cases were cured and 13 cases were improved.Conclusion:Edomidate abuse is characterized by younger age and high proportion;there are problems such as family instability,improper education methods and more left-behind children;poor academic performance and high dropout rate(mainly in junior high school);there are more bad behaviors,lack of awareness of the harmfulness of Edomidate,mainly being lured;addiction is strong and harmful.It is suggested that the improvement of family environment,correct education methods and reduction of dropout should be able to reduce their early entry into society and go astray,and early detection and treatment can be achieved by referring to the clinical behavior characteristics of this group.
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