The Role of the Introducer Sheath in the Treatment of Embedded Stones in the Upper and Middle Ureter by Flexible Ureteroscopy
Objective:To explore the role of the introducer sheath in the treatment of embedded stones in the upper and middle ureter with flexible ureteroscopy.Method:In this study,91 patients with embedded stones in the middle and upper ureter admitted to the Third Hospital of Nanchang from March 2021 to March 2023 were taken as the study subjects,and the treatment methods of the patients were retrospectively analysed,and divided into 46 cases in the introducer sheath group and 45 cases in the without introducer sheath group according to the different treatment modalities.The introducer sheath group was treated by flexible ureteroscopy with introducer sheath,and the without introducer sheath group was treated by ureteral the without introducer sheath group was treated with a flexible ureteroscopy without a guiding sheath.Clinical indications,surgical complications,ureteral injury and pain scores were compared between the two groups.Result:There were no differences between the two groups in terms of operation time,hospital stay,postoperative stone removal rate,and surgical success rate,the differences were not statistically significant(P>0.05).The ureteral injury rate in the introducer sheath group was 10.87%compared to 13.33%in the without introducer sheath group,the difference was not statistically significant(P>0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in visual analogue scale(VAS)scores between the two groups at different postoperative stages(P>0.05).The incidence of complications in the introducer sheath group was 8.70%,which was lower than 26.67%in the without introducer sheath group,the difference was statistically significant(x2=3.904,P=0.048).Conclusion:There is no significant difference in the clinical outcome of flexible ureteroscopy with or without a introducer sheath in the treatment of upper and middle ureter embedded stone,in which the placement of a introducer sheath does not increase ureteral injury,has no effect on the exacerbation of pain in patients,and significantly reduced postoperative complications with the introducer sheath compared without introducer sheath.
Introducer sheathFlexible ureteroscopyUpper and middle ureterEmbedded stone
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