Objective To analyze the epidemic trend and clinical features of Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn) infection in children in Hangzhou area,and to provide reference for prevention,control,early diagnosis and treatment of Cpn infection.Methods From February 2022 to June 2024,the case data of 71669 pediatric patients who visited their doctors and were treated in Children's Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine for fever,cough,nasal congestion,runny nose,wheezing and chest pain or for endotracheal intubation due to surgical diseases were collected,and all of the pediatric patients underwent respiratory pathogen testing.The epidemic trend of Cpn infection and the clinical features of the infected patients were analyzed.Results Among the 71669 padiatric patients tested,121 padiatric patients were positive for Cpn nucleic acid,with a detectable rate of 0.17％.One case was detected in 2022,and 31 cases were detected in 2023,and 89 cases were detected just in the first 6 months of 2024,showing an increasing trend year by year.There were 13 Cpn-carrying patients,accounting for 10.74％ of the total detected patients.The patients were followed up after discharge,and none of them developed respiratory symptoms within 1 week,and Cpn IgM was negative.There were 45 cases in the simple Cpn infection group and 63 cases in the Cpn mixed infection group.Compared with that in the Cpn mixed infection group,the proportion of females in the simple Cpn infection group were higher.Compared with those in the Cpn mixed infection group,the patients in the simple Cpn infection group were older and had a longer time required for diagnosis,lower fever rate,shorter fever duration,lower proportion of the dominated patchy shadows in the lungs and lower proportion of fiberoptic bronchoscopic treatment but higher proportion of lung consolidation lesions and Cpn IgM positivities,and differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).All the pediatric patients with Cpn infection were treated with azithromycin or doxycycline,and 19 pediatric patients presented with atelectasis and received treatment of fiberbronchoscopy.Except for 1 patient who died due to uncontrolled multiple pathogenic infections after medullary tumor surgery and 1 patient who needed long-term anti-tuberculosis treatment due to mixed tuberculosis infection,the other patients showed relief in clinical symptoms after follow-up confirmation.For some patients whose lung imaging did not fully improve,their follow-up was extended to 3 months after discharge until their lung imaging returned to normal.Conclusion In Hangzhou area,the detectable rate of Cpn in children is low,but there is an increasing trend.The typical characteristics of Cpn pneumonia are that older children are susceptible,with cough as the main manifestation,short fever time,easy to appear lung consolidations,and the treatment effects of azithromycin and doxycycline are good.
Chlamydia pneumoniae(Cpn)EpidemiologyClinical featureMixed infectionHangzhou area
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