Recent Advances in Dual/Multi-Targeted Analgesics Based on μ Opioid Receptor
Pain management remains as a global public health issue,with 20％of the adult population worldwide impacted and many patients still suffer from unrelieved or undertreated pain.Classic opioids exert antinociceptive effects by activating p opioid receptor(MOR),but they are associated with many side effects(including respiratory depression,addiction,and constipation)which have aggravated the ongoing and escalating opioid crisis in worldwide.Therefore,there is an urgent need for the development of novel analgesics free of MOR-mediated unwanted adverse effects.Multi-target therapeutics target two or more related targets in a disease network system simultaneously,which can potentially provide greater efficacy and improve treatment outcomes compared with single-target therapies.Due to the key role of MOR in regulating pain signal transmission,MOR-based multi-target ligands have been accepted as one of the mainstream strategies for designing new potent analgesics without side effects.In this review,recent advances in multitarget-directed drugs toward MOR are summarized,which may provide references for the development of potent and safer analgesics.
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