Big science and big data have elevated precision medicine(PM)to a grand magnitude in terms of its concept,scale,tech-nical means,application potential and other aspects,while bringing abundant opportunities for high-tech research and development.Compared with traditional medicine that advocates syndrome differentiation,PM is an enhanced version of evidence-based medicine,striving to treat both disease symptoms and their root causes.Indeed,PM emphasizes the dynamic interactions of myriad factors,includ-ing human biology,behavior,lifestyle and living environment,aiming to tailor a full range of personalized medical and health services.Many PM-related academic entities,research consortia,as well as well-funded biotech/biopharma initiatives have gained exciting momentum in revamping the field,often with ambitious goals in delivering multidimensional health care products and services,trying to encompass one or more components of P4 medicine(Predictive,Preventive,Personalized and Participatory).Assuming that PM is the ultimate solution to unmet medical and public health needs and capable of quenching our thirst for overall well-being and a healthy,pro-ductive life,how do we objectively gauge its progress and success when there is only a limited number of"transformative products"in the market?This is the kind of question that is very likely to come to mind when readers of this journal(CJMG)browse through the January 2024 special issue on PM.Accordingly,articlethis article intends to summarize major milestones and key obstacles in the field,focusing on advances in the last ten years as well as recent lessons that are worth noting.Overall,PM as a frontier in an escalated war against vari-ous diseasesstill requires interdisciplinary approach to create and maintain a win-win situation for all stakeholders.More importantly,beyond its enviable scientific and social values and appeals,PM must further ensure its commercial viability to substantiate its noble mission.
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