Development and Clinical Application of Therapeutic HPV Vaccine
Cervical cancer is a common disease that seriously threatens women's health. Cervical cancer is closely related to persis-tent infection with high-risk human papilloma virus (HPV). The prophylactic HPV vaccine is effective in preventing HPV infection,but it is not effective in patients who are already infected or have precancerous lesions. A test for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) in Chinese women of childbearing age found that the overall positive rate of hrHPV was 19.1％. The top three hrHPV types in a wide range of childbearing age samples,CIN2/3 samples and cervical cancer samples were HPV52/16/58,HPV16/52/58,HPV16/58/18,respectively and the pro-portion of HPV16/18 gradually increased. The therapeutic HPV vaccine uses cellular immunity to eliminate HPV-infected cells for thera-peutic purposes. At present,the therapeutic HPV vaccine is still in the clinical research stage,with HPV16/18 E6/E7 antigen as the main target. In July 2024,the World Health Organization (WHO) released the "WHO preferred product characteristics for therapeutic HPV vaccines",suggesting that the indication be expanded to a wide range of people and HPV-infected people. Based on this,future therapeutic HPV vaccines can be designed to increase HPV antigen targets such as L2/E2/E4/E5 or adopt a multivalent design (such as adding HPV52/58,etc.) to benefit more people. The development of therapeutic HPV vaccines is an important complement to prophylac-tic HPV vaccines. In this study,the pathogenic mechanism of HPV,the research and development status and the prospect of clinical application of therapeutic HPV vaccine were discussed,hoping that new treatment methods could be explored,and the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines could be accelerated,and to benefit patients with HPV infection,precancer and HPV-related cancer as soon as possible.
Human papilloma virus( HPV)Therapeutic HPV vaccinePathogenesisResearch and development statusFuture prospects of clinical applications
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