mRNA is a type of single-stranded ribonucleic acid that is transcribed from a single strand of DNA and carries the encoding information for protein synthesis,which is further transcribed and processed into functional proteins.In coordination with genetic engineering,the synthesized mRNA is structurally similar to natural mRNA,enabling patients to produce therapeutic proteins in their own bodies,thus achieving the purpose of preventing or treating disease.mRNA does not have the risk of being incorporated into the host genome and does not need to enter the nucleus for transfection.Moreover,it can even be expressed in nondividing cells.Therefore,mRNA-based therapeutics have become a promising clinical treatment strategy.The efficiency and safety delivery of mRNA remain to be crucial constraints for clinical application of the mRNA therapeutics.Although there have been many reports about how to improve the stability and tolerability of mRNA by directly retouching the mRNA structure,there is still an urgent need to improve the delivery of mRNA.Recently,significant progress has been made in nanobiotechnology,providing technical supports for developing mRNA nanocarriers.The nanocarriers can overcome the physiological barriers in the delivery process and enable the mRNA to reach the target site.In this review,the design principles and research hotspots of nano drug delivery system are introduced.Emphasis will be placed on the role of mRNA delivery in emerging nanomaterials,cell-derived exosomes,and recent advances in delivery functions.Finally,the development prospects of mRNA nanomaterials delivery technology are prospected.
万方数据
维普
