Bacteria play a crucial role in human health and disease,not only by carrying out essential physiological functions in the body,but also by influencing the development and progression of many diseases.In recent years,bacteria have been widely studied for the treatment of various diseases.Due to their rapid growth,ability to colonize tissues,and potential for genetic modification,live bacteria-based drug delivery systems have shown promise in the treatment of diseases.This paper highlights the therapeutic applications of bacteria in different diseases and discusses the progress made in utilizing them for drug delivery in disease treatment.This review aims to provide a valuable resource for advancement of bacterial-based therapies and drug delivery systems for diseases.