摘要
目的 分析桐乡市法定传染病流行特征,为制定有效的防控措施提供科学依据.方法 对2013-2022年桐乡市法定传染病报告的发病情况数据,采用描述性流行病学方法进行分析.结果 全市无甲类传染病报告,共报告法定传染病29种47 944例,年均发病率546.69/10万,报告死亡病例43例,年均死亡率0.49/10万;发病数居前5位的病种依次为其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病、淋病、梅毒、肺结核,占传染病发病报告总数的86.64％;三间分布疫情特征符合传染病发病特点;传播途径构成比从高到低依次为肠道传染病61.03％、血源及性传播传染病23.11％、呼吸道传染病15.41％、自然疫源及虫媒传染病0.39％、其他途径0.06％;低年龄组(0～＜15岁)发病以其他感染性腹泻和手足口病为主.结论 托幼机构、学校等人员密集单位需要重点关注以其他感染性腹泻病、手足口病、流行性感冒等肠道和呼吸道传染病的防控;成人需要关注淋病、梅毒等性传播疾病和其他感染性腹泻等肠道传染病,加强健康教育宣传,提高防病意识,降低传染病发病率.
Abstract
Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of statutory infectious diseases in Tongxiang City and provide scientific basis for the development of effective prevention and control measures.Methods Descriptive epidemiologi-cal methods were used to analyze the data on the incidence of statutory infectious diseases reported in Tongxiang Ctity from 2013 to 2022.Results There were no reports of class A infectious diseases in the city.There were 47 944 cases of statutory infectious diseases reported,with an average annual incidence rate of 546.69 per 100 000.There were 43 reported deaths,with an average annual mortality rate of 0.49 per 100 000.The top five diseases in terms of incidence were other infectious diarrheal diseases,hand,foot and mouth disease,gonorrhea,syphilis,and tuberculosis,accounting for 86.64％of all reported cases of infectious diseases.The spatial distribution of outbreaks conformed to the characteristics of infectious diseases.The composition ratio of transmission route from high to low was as follows:intestinal infectious diseases accounted for 61.03％,bloodborne and sexually transmitted infectious diseases accounted for 23.11％,respiratory tract infectious diseases accounted for 15.41％,natural foci and vector-borne infectious diseases accounted for 0.39％,and other routes accounted for 0.06％.The incidence of other infec-tious diarrheal diseases and hand,foot and mouth disease were the highest in the low age group(0-＜15 years old).Conclusion Attention should be paid to the prevention and control of intestinal and respiratory tract infectious diseases such as other infec-tious diarrheal diseases,hand,foot and mouth disease,and influenza in densely populated collective units such as childcare in-stitutions and schools.Adults should be aware of sexually transmitted diseases such as gonorrhea,syphilis,and intestinal infec-tious diseases such as other infectious diarrheal diseases.Strengthening health education and promoting disease prevention aware-ness can help reduce the incidence of infectious diseases.
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