Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and mechanism of Tongluo Kaibi Tablet
Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects and mechanisms of Tongluo Kaibi Tablet on formaldehyde-induced pain model in rats.Methods:Twenty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into the blank group,model group,Strychni Semen group,and Tongluo Kaibi Tablet group,with 6 rats in each group.The pain model of rat was induced by subcutaneous injection of 5％formaldehyde into the plantar surface.The number of pain responses of the rats in the first(0-10 min)and second(15-30 min)phases after injection was recorded,as well as the plantar swelling at 6,24,and 48 h.The histopathological changes of the plantar were observed by HE staining.The levels of interleukin-1 β(IL-1 β),prostaglandin E2(PGE2),IL-6,IL-18 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in rat serum were measured by ELISA,nucleotide oligomerization domain-like receptor protein-3(NLRP3)and cyclooxygenase-2(COX-2)in plantar tissues by Western Blot,and NLRP3,prostaglandin G/H synthase 2(PTGS2),IL-1 β,IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA in plantar tissues by qRT-PCR.Results:Compared with the blank group,the rats in model group had significantly increased the number of pain responses and the degree of plantar swelling(P＜0.01),the myocytes morphology in plantar tissues was changed,the arrangement was disordered,the tissue boundaries were blurred,a large number of inflammatory cells infiltrated,and serum IL-1 β,PGE2,IL-6,IL-18,and TNF-α levels,NLRP3,COX-2 protein levels,as well as NLRP3,PTGS2,IL-1 β,IL-6,TNF-α mRNA levels in plantar tissue were significantly increased(P＜0.01);compared with the model group,the number of pain responses within the first phase was significantly reduced in the Strychni Semen group(P＜0.01),and the plantar swelling at 6 and 48 h was also significantly reduced(P＜0.01),the myocyte morphology of the plantar tissue was changed,the tissue boundaries were relatively clear,a few of inflammatory cells were infiltrated,and the mRNA expression levels of PTGS2 and IL-6 were significantly decreased(P＜0.01),NLRP3,IL-1β,PGE2,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α levels were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01);the number of pain responses within the first phase was significantly reduced in the Tongluo Kaibi Tablet group(P＜0.01),the degree of plantar swelling at 6 and 48 h was significantly reduced(P＜0.01),myocyte arrangement was neat,tissue boundaries were clearer,scattered inflammatory cells distribution,and mRNA and protein expression levels of NLRP3,IL-1 β,COX-2,PGE2,IL-6,IL-18 and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Compared with the Strychni Semen group,the inflammatory infiltration degree was significantly reduced in the Tongluo Kaibi Tablet group,and the protein and mRNA expression levels of NLRP3,IL-1 β,COX-2,PGE2,IL-6,IL-18,and TNF-α were significantly decreased(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Conclusion:Tongluo Kaibi Tablet can effectively prevent and treat formaldehyde-induced acute inflammatory pain by inhibiting the recruitment of inflammatory cells to plantar tissues and down-regulating the expression levels of NLRP3,IL-1 β,COX-2,PGE2,IL-6,IL-18,and TNF-α.Its anti-inflammatory effect is better than that of Strychni Semen alone.
Tongluo Kaibi TabletStrychni SemenPainNLRP3 inflammasomeAnti-inflammatory and analgesic
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