Study of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma mitigating photooxidative stress-mediated photoreceptor degeneration
Objective:To investigate the protective effect of Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma(GR)on the primary neurons of the retina-photoreceptors,and to elucidate the scientific connotation of its vision-enhancing action partially.Methods:Four-week-old BALB/c mice were randomly assigned to five groups:no light group(NL),light damage group(LD),and low,medium,and high-dose GR groups.Photoreceptor degeneration was induced through exposure to white light.The GR groups received intraperitoneal injections of varying doses of GR granule aqueous solution.In contrast,the NL and LD groups received the same volume of the solvent as a control.Subsequently,optical coherence tomography,electrophysiology,hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining and immunohistochemistry were used to analyze the morphology and function of the retina,the structure of photoreceptor cells,and the level of retinal oxidative stress.Results:GR significantly inhibited light-induced retinal structural and functional damage(P＜0.01),suppressed ectopic expression and reduction of photoreceptor cell markers rhodopsin,short-wavelength sensitive cone opsin(S-opsin),and middle-wavelength sensitive cone opsin(M-opsin),and significantly reduced the decrease in expression of the synaptic marker synaptophysin(P＜0.01).Additionally,it significantly inhibited the increase of oxidative stress products 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)and 4-hydroxynonenal(4-HNE)in the retina(P＜0.0l),and the reduction of superoxide dismutase 2(SOD2)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)expression(P＜0.01).Conclusion:GR effectively inhibits retinal oxidative stress and intervenes in the degenerative changes of photoreceptors.
Ginseng Radix et RhizomaPhotooxidative stressRetinaPhotoreceptor degeneration
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