Ancient books of traditional Chinese medicine recorded that moxibustion has the effect of nourishing vitality and prolonging life.Modem clinical studies and animal experiments show that moxibustion has the effect of anti-aging but the interpretation of anti-aging mechanism of moxibustion at the cellular level was not systematic and comprehensive so far.This essay analyzes the literature and experiments of moxibustion anti-aging mechanism,concluding that moxibustion can improve cell proliferation,inhibit cell apoptosis,improve cell morphology and structure,improve endoplasmic reticulum stress and improve mitochondrial function at cell level.The effect of moxibustion on the natural aging process at the cellular level is worthy to further study,which provides scientific basis for clinical application of moxibustion against aging.