Pangolin possess notable medicinal properties,including reducing swelling,expelling pus,resolving hard masses,promoting lactation,and alleviating wind-dampness while improving meridian circulation.These therapeutic effects have led to their widespread use across various medical specialties,such as internal medicine,surgery,gynecology,and pediatrics,making them a key component of numerous classical Chinese medicinal formulas.However,due to various factors,pangolin have been classified as an endangered medicinal resource,resulting in their removal from the Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China(Part I).This removal poses significant challenges for their use in human medicine and has forced many'national treasure'level Chinese patent medicines to the brink of discontinuation,thereby severely affecting the integrity of the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)system and its sustainable development.As endangered medicinal resources are of strategic importance to the advancement of TCM,researching potential substitutes for pangolin scales is critically important.Therefore,this study is based on the evaluation of the unique pharmacological effects and material basis of pangolin.It aims to develop substitutes tailored to their roles in traditional Chinese medicines and systematically assess the efficacy and viability of these alternatives.Additionally,the study considers the application of relevant technologies in the context of artificial breeding,providing a reference for future research,development,and application of pangolin scales,while also opening new avenues for the conservation of endangered species.