Quality evaluation of commercial pyritum decoction pieces and heavy metals pollution and health risk assessment
Objective:To investigate issues with commercial pyritum decoction pieces,assess heavy metal contamination levels,and evaluate health risks for adults and children.Methods:The appearance quality and Fe content of the commercial pyritum decoction pieces were examined according to Pharmacopoeia of the People's Republic of China 2020 edition.Mineral phase analysis was determined using X-ray diffractometer,while X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry techniques were employed to determine both major and trace elements.Heavy metal pollution levels were assessed using single factor index method and Nemero comprehensive pollution index method.Health risks associated with these decoction pieces were evaluated through estimated daily intake,target hazard quotient,hazard index,carcinogenic risk,total carcinogenic risk calculations.Results:Five batches of commercial pyritum decoction pieces failed appearance quality requirements.Two sample batches had Fe content below the limit.Primary phases found were FeS2,Fe2O3,Fe3O4,Fe7S8,and SiO2.Heavy metal pollution index ranked As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cd;Cd moderately polluted while others severely polluted.The Nemerow pollution index showed high pollution,indicating health risks from As.Conclusion:The levels of heavy metals and harmful elements in the commercial pyritum decoction pieces significantly exceed the standard.In order to improve its quality and actively investigate new technologies for the processing of pyritum,it is advised to strengthen market supervision.
Mineral medicinePyritumQuality evaluationHeavy metalsHarmful elementsPollution assessmentHealth risk assessmentProcessing
NETL
NSTL
万方数据
