Research advances on non-related NMDARs antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine in glial cells
As an antagonist of N-methyl-D-aspartate ionotropic glutamate receptors(NMDARs),ketamine has antidepres-sant and isolated anesthetic and analgesic effects.This review focused upon non-NMDARs related antidepressant mechanisms of ketamine in glial cells.Ketamine could boost the expression level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF)in astrocytes,affect the vesicle plasma membrane interaction of astrocytes through suppressing Ca2+excitability and altering cholesterol distribu-tion.Also it was capable of regulating the homeostasis of K+in astrocytes and then exerting antidepressant effects.The mecha-nisms correlated with microglia include promoting the expression of signal transduction and transcription activating factor 3(STAT3)in microglia,arresting the NLRP3 pathways in microglia,down-regulating inflammatory cytokines through depressing the TLR4/p38 signaling pathway and blunting microglia activation through down-regulating P2X7 expression.The antidepressant mechanism of ketamine correlated with oligodendrocytes lies in the formation and repair of myelin sheath.Improving the under-standing of antidepressant mechanism of ketamine may contribute to a higher diagnostic and therapeutic level of depression.
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