Effectiveness Analysis on Early Application of Caffeine Citrate Combined with Vitamin A and Vitamin D in the Prevention of Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Preterm Infants
OBJECTIVE:To explore the effectiveness of the early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D in the prevention of broncho-pulmonary dysplasia(BPD)in preterm infants.METHODS:A total of 105 premature infants admitted into this hospital from Dec.2021 to Jun.2023 were retrospectively selected to be divided into the convention group(conventional treatment,50 cases)and prevention group(conventional treatment + caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D for prevention,55 cases)according to different postpartum treatment.The occurrence and grading of BPD were compared between two groups and the changes of illness condition were closely observed,the incidences of intracranial hemorrhage(ICH),periventricular leukomalacia(PVL),sepsis and retinopathy(ROP)were compared,the duration of ventilator use and oxygen uptake,recovery time of birth weight and length of hospital stay of the two groups were recorded and compared.After 48 h of treatment,the indicators of arterial blood gas analysis including pH,arterial partial pressure of oxygen(PaO2),partial pressure of carbon dioxide(PaCO2),oxygenation index(OI)and fraction of inspired oxygen(FiO2)levels of both groups were observed;the changes of inflammatory indicators of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)and interleukin 6(IL-6)levels were compared between two groups before and after treatment.RESULTS:The incidence of BPD was significantly lower and the proportion of mild BPD was significantly higher in the prevention group than those in the convention group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).There were no statistically significant differences in the incidence of hypertension,pneumothorax,necrotizing enterocolitis,hyperglycemia,patent ductus arteriosus,intracranial hemorrhage,and sepsis between the control group and the prevention group in premature infants(P>0.05).The duration of ventilator use and oxygen uptake,recovery time of birth weight and length of hospital stay of the prevention group after treatment were significantly shorter than those of the convention group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The PaO2 and OI levels were significantly higher,the PaCO2 and FiO2 were significantly lower in the prevention group than those in the convention group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).After treatment,the serum TNF-α and IL-6 levels of both groups had been significantly decreased compared to before treatment,and that of the prevention group was significantly lower than the convention group,with statistically significant difference(P<0.05).CONCLUSIONS:The early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamin A and vitamin D can prevent the occurrence of BPD and reduce the severity of BPD,its mechanism may related to improving respiratory function and reducing body inflammation in preterm infants.In addition,early application of caffeine citrate combined with vitamins A and vitamin D may also reduce other complications such as ICH,PVL,sepsis and ROP,which is helpful to improve the prognosis of preterm infants.
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