"Esteem of the Virtuous"is a political and cultural characteristic and method of Mohism,based on the political and social reality of the early Warring States period.Mohism proposed"Esteem of the Virtuous"to break through the aristocratic political tradition since the Yin and Zhou dynasties,and provide methods and ways for the new class to participate in the distribution of political power.In terms of content,"Esteem of the Virtuous"proposes a political vision of governance by virtuous people;in terms of method,"Esteem of the Virtuous"is based on Mohism's three criteria and has a continuity with the ancient legend of the abdication system.The implementation of"Esteem of the Virtuous"would inevitably shake the political system since the Yin and Zhou dynasties,which was not compatible with the ritual and music culture established on the basis of agricultural civilization in the Zhou dynasty.Not only Mohism,but also Confucianism of Kong-Meng School regarded"political meritocracy"as an important political method.In the late Warring States period,Legalism drew on Mohism's"Esteem of the Virtuous"politics,incorporating it as a supplement to the traditional Chinese political methods.The essence of"Esteem of the Virtuous"is"political meritocracy,"which means that social and political elites participate in national governance.However,traditional society lacked an effective political system to ensure the sustainable development of"political meritocracy."Modern democracy,as a political system,is essentially an elite rule.Election politics provides a possibility for"political meritocracy,"while the rule of law provides institutional guarantees for"political meritocracy.""Virtuous and capable politics"is merely a political method and governance culture,inseparable from the social soil of democracy.Democracy is the body and political meritocracy is the function.Any effort to reject the democratization of politics through"political meritocracy"is a disintegration of"political meritocracy"itself.
关键词
尚贤/贤能政治/民主/正当性/政治治理
Key words
esteem of the virtuous/political meritocracy/democracy/rule of law/political governance
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