头颈部鳞状细胞癌(head and neck squamous cell carcinoma，HNSCC)是一种极具侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，尽管患者接受了标准治疗，但局部复发和远处转移的风险仍较高，导致预后不佳。近年来，免疫检查点抑制剂(immune checkpoint inhibitors，ICIs)在多种实体瘤治疗中展现出显著疗效，并彻底改变了多种晚期肿瘤的治疗模式。然而，在部分患者中免疫治疗非但未能为患者带来生存获益，反而导致肿瘤病灶在短时间内快速生长，临床上称为免疫超进展(hyperprogressive disease，HPD)。目前，关于HPD的机制、临床预测指标及实际应对策略的研究相当有限。本文着眼于HNSCC并回顾有关HPD的研究现状，以期为免疫治疗的优化提供科学依据。
Research status on immunotherapy-related hyperprogression for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a highly invasive malignant tumor. Although patients receive standard treat-ment,the risk of local recurrence and distant metastasis remains high,resulting in a poor prognosis. In recent years,immune checkpoint in-hibitors (ICIs) have shown significant efficacy in the treatment of a variety of solid tumors and have changed the treatment modality for many advanced tumors. However,in some patients,immunotherapy not only failed to bring survival benefits but also led to the rapid growth of tumor lesions in a short period of time,which is clinically known as hyperprogressive disease (HPD). There is limited research on the mechanism,clinical predictors,and coping strategies for immunotherapy-related hyperprogression. Therefore,this article focuses on HNSCC and reviews the current research on HPD to provide a scientific basis for optimizing immunotherapy.
head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC)immunotherapyimmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs)hyperprogressive disease (HPD)
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