Customized anti-cancer tools:clinical exploration and prospects of neoantigen vaccines
Immunotherapy is propelling the field of anti-tumor treatment into a new era,with neoantigen vaccine serving as a pioneering force in immunotherapy. These vaccines are advancing their basic research and clinical trials at an unprecedented speed,yielding promising results and demonstrating substantial development potential. This review focuses on the latest progress in neoantigen vaccine research,with detailed introduction to the two major highlights:long peptide vaccines and mRNA vaccines. Peptide vaccines have attracted attention for their efficient production and scalability,though their rapid degradation poses a challenge. Advances in nanocarrier technologies help mitigate this limitation,and long-peptide vaccines have demonstrated promising efficacy in patients with various solid tumors,including melanoma and glioblastoma. Additionally,nanoparticle-based short peptide vaccines have demonstrated advantages in adjuvant gastric cancer therapy. mRNA vaccines,widely recognized for their application in COVID-19,have become a hotspot in cancer vaccine development due to their safety and ability to encode multiple antigens. For example,RNA vaccines encoding various KRAS mutations have shown favorable outcomes in pancreatic cancer. Furthermore,several studies suggest that combining neoantigen vaccines with immune checkpoint inhibitors or adoptive cell therapies can exert synergistic effects,further enhancing efficacy. This article delves into the challenges faced by neoantigen vaccines in the clinical translation phase and,based on this,actively explores and discusses potential strategies to address these challenges. The aim is to inspire new ideas and pave the way for future advancements in neoantigen vaccine development.
neoantigenvaccinesynthetic long peptidemRNAtumor immune microenvironment
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维普
