Challenges and therapeutic strategies for immunotherapy resistance in lung cancer
Despite significant improvements in survival among lung cancer patients treated with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitor-based immunotherapy,the issue of drug resistance remains a major challenge. This article delineates the definition,mechanisms,and predictive models of immunotherapy resistance,and introduces therapeutic strategies to address resistance,including continued use of immunotherapy,rechallenge,local treatment combined with systemic immunotherapy in the context of oligometastasis,and combination therapy after extensive progression. Furthermore,it explores the application prospects of novel therapeutic approaches such as adoptive cell therapy,antibody-drug conjugates,bispecific antibodies,and tumor vaccines in overcoming drug resistance. Additionally,the article summarizes the challenges and development directions of immunotherapy for lung cancer,emphasizing the importance of ongoing research,innovative treatment strategies,and interdisciplinary collaboration. These efforts aim to provide new ideas and research directions for achieving personalized,precise,and efficient lung cancer treatment in the future.
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