In combination with the actual situation of current engineering blasting, a complete second-level index system for the safety evaluation of blasting engineering was established based on the following three aspects: safety management, safety engineering and safety protection. In order to solve the problem of the uncertain factors of index system, an unascertained measurement model of the safety evaluation of blasting engineering was established based on the unascertained measurement theory. Through the process of the calculation on the unascertained measurement of single indicator and the unascertained measurement of multiple comprehensive indicators as well as the determination of index weight, safety comprehensive evaluation of the blasting engineering was realized. The information entropy and confidence identifying criterion was respectively used to ascertain the evaluation index weight and identifying criterion, the two defects of Fuzzy - Analytic Hierarchy Process comprehensive evaluation were avoided and the evaluation results were more objective in the unascertained measurement model. The analysis of the practical examples indicated that it is theoretically feasible to use the unascertained measurement model to study the problem of safety evaluation of blasting engineering and the evaluation results are credible, thus provides a new way for safety comprehensive evaluation of blasting engineering under unascertained conditions.