考虑火灾风险与多级覆盖的城市消防站选址优化
Optimization on site selection of urban fire stations considering fire risk and multi-level coverage
张俊 1霍非舟 1张钦钦 1郭乘麟1
作者信息
- 1. 武汉理工大学 中国应急管理研究中心,湖北 武汉 430070;武汉理工大学 安全科学与应急管理学院,湖北 武汉 430070
- 折叠
摘要
为进一步优化城市消防服务不完善等问题,将城市火灾风险评估和多级覆盖选址模型相结合,对城市消防站选址进行合理优化.首先,运用模糊层次分析法对城市火灾风险进行评价,结合ArcGIS空间分析功能得到城市火灾风险值.然后,将火灾风险值引入最大覆盖模型,同时考虑最小救援距离.以现有消防站的数量和对火灾风险点的覆盖率为约束条件,建立多目标消防站选址优化模型,并利用NSGA-Ⅱ算法对其进行求解.最后,以武汉市主城区为实例研究对象来验证模型的科学性和有效性.研究结果表明:利用多目标选址优化模型求解的候选消防站和现状消防站相比,在兼顾火灾高风险地区的特殊考虑同时,能有效提升对火灾低风险地区的覆盖.研究结果可为武汉市的消防服务及消防站选址规划提供一定参考.
Abstract
In order to solve the problem of lack of urban fire service,the urban fire risk assessment was combined with the multi-level coverage site selection model.Firstly,the fuzzy analytic hierarchy process method was used to evaluate the urban fire risk,and the urban fire risk value was obtained by combining the ArcGIS spatial analysis function.Then,the fire risk val-ue was introduced into the maximum coverage model and the minimum rescue distance was considered.A multi-objective opti-mization model for the site selection of fire stations was constructed under the constraint of the number of existing fire stations and the coverage rate of fire risk points,and the NSGA-Ⅱalgorithm was used to solve the model.Finally,the main urban ar-ea of Wuhan was taken as an example to verify the scientificity and effectiveness of the model.The results show that compared with the existing fire stations,the candidate fire stations solved by the multi-objective optimization model for the site selection of fire stations can effectively improve the coverage of low-risk fire areas while taking into account the high-risk fire areas.The research results can provide certain reference for the fire service planning of Wuhan.
关键词
消防站选址/城市火灾风险/模糊层次分析法/非支配排序遗传算法ⅡKey words
site selection of fire station/urban fire risk/fuzzy analytic hierarchy process/NSGA-Ⅱ引用本文复制引用
基金项目
国家自然科学基金项目(51808422)
国家自然科学基金项目(52204233)
出版年
2024
NETL
NSTL
万方数据